Since 2004 the CEE-6’s share in EU manufacturing output has more than doubled, as measured by the output of its factories, with the region overtaking Spain and the UK, and is closing in on France – reveals Colliers International in its latest report ”COVID-19 & CEE’s Industrial Upside. Europe’s Near Shore Powerhouse”.
CEE’shighly skilled and lower cost workforce, it’s well established track record and competitiveness in industrial production coupled with the fact that the region has enabled manufacturers to generate higher levels of economic output at disproportionately lower operating costs is a compelling case for continued FDI into the region.
Labour markets in the CEE-6
Salaries in the CEE region are several times smaller than in Western Europe and, as of recent years, surprisingly comparable to markets such as China.
Silviu Pop, Head of Research, Romania explains: “As for the level of labour costs for manufacturing operations Romania is now comparable to China. Poland and Hungary are not significantly higher while Bulgaria remains well below this level. This is not to say that these markets compare in terms of critical mass, diversity of products and peak output complexity but from a cost and geographical (near-shoring) perspective, there is certainly some upside to be found in the CEE region”.
Kevin Turpin, Regional Director of Research | CEE adds: “To put things into a different context, labour costs in Germany for manufacturing are around 3 times higher than in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, around 4 times above Hungary’s and Poland’s, nearly 6 times above Romania’s and almost 8 times above Bulgaria’s”.
Productivity has more than kept up with this increase in salaries. In all CEE countries, the gap between value added per employee and labour costs has actually widened significantly between 2004 and 2018. It is worth noting that Romania’s spread between value added per employee and labour costs is just a fraction below China’s, with the other CEE markets trailing not too far behind.
Manufacturing Value Added
The region has overtaken Spain and the UK, as measured by the output of its factories, and is closing in on France. While CEE’s factories were initially focused on churning out goods involving low-complexity manufacturing processes, this has also changed gradually over time: the medium-high and high technology value-added goods now make up a much higher share throughout the CEE than a decade ago.
EU rules and funds push reforms in the region
According to the World Economic Forum’s competitiveness indicators for 2010 and 2019, the CEE’s average score for their infrastructure in 2010 stood at 63 percent of Germany’s, though after constant improvements and massive investments by CEE states, it reached 86 percent last year. Likewise, the institutional strength score improved from 68 percent of Germany’s level in 2010 to 79 percent last year. Looking at the average for high-income countries (which the CEE region as a whole is quite far apart from), its competitiveness indicators look even better.
Despite many great things coming out of the region, according to the WEF, innovation remains the CEE’s Achilles heel, scoring almost half of Germany, which is nevertheless, one of the world’s top innovators.
